The low-maintenance plant that practically takes care of itself

If you're looking for a houseplant that's attractive, adaptable, and incredibly forgiving, the ZZ Plant deserves a spot in your collection.

Commonly known as the ZZ Plant or Zanzibar Gem, Zamioculcas zamiifolia is famous for its thick, upright stems and glossy, deep green leaves. Its clean, architectural appearance makes it a popular choice for homes, offices, and spaces where other houseplants might struggle.

One of its biggest advantages is its ability to tolerate lower-light conditions and periods of drought. Unlike many tropical houseplants, the ZZ Plant doesn't need frequent watering or constant attention to remain healthy.

Native to eastern and southeastern Africa, ZZ Plants naturally grow in environments where periods of rainfall alternate with drier conditions. They have adapted by developing thick underground structures called rhizomes that store water and nutrients.

These potato-like rhizomes allow the plant to survive extended periods without water, making it especially forgiving when you occasionally forget to water.

ZZ Plants are also relatively slow-growing, don't require frequent repotting, and can remain attractive for years with basic care.

Whether you're growing the classic green variety or the dramatic dark foliage of a Raven ZZ, this guide covers everything you need to know to keep your plant healthy.

ZZ Plant care at a glance

Light

One of the biggest reasons ZZ Plants are so popular is their ability to tolerate a wide range of indoor lighting conditions.

They can survive in lower-light locations where many other houseplants would struggle. However, surviving in low light doesn't necessarily mean that's where they'll grow best.

For the healthiest growth, provide bright, indirect light.

An east-facing window is often an excellent location. A few feet back from a south- or west-facing window can also work well.

• Low light: ZZ Plants can tolerate lower-light rooms and office spaces, but growth will be considerably slower.

• Medium indirect light: A great everyday environment for maintaining healthy foliage and steady growth.

• Bright indirect light: Generally ideal for encouraging new growth and maintaining a fuller appearance.

• Direct sunlight: Harsh afternoon sun can scorch the leaves, causing bleached or brown patches.

Too little light can cause extremely slow growth and stretched stems as the plant reaches toward available light.

Grower tip: ZZ Plants are excellent choices for offices, bedrooms, and rooms with limited natural light. Just remember that low light doesn't mean no light. If a room has very little natural light, a grow light can help maintain healthy growth.

Watering

If there's one thing to remember about ZZ Plant care, it's this: don't overwater!

ZZ Plants store water in their thick underground rhizomes and fleshy leaf stems. This allows them to tolerate drought much better than consistently wet soil.

Their biggest enemy is excessive moisture, which can cause the rhizomes and roots to rot.

1. Check the soil. Allow the growing medium to dry out completely or nearly completely before watering again.

2. Water thoroughly. When it's time to water, use room-temperature water and continue until excess water drains from the bottom of the pot.

3. Drain completely. Empty the saucer or decorative outer pot. Never leave the plant sitting in standing water.

How often? Many indoor ZZ Plants need watering approximately every 2–4 weeks during warmer months. During fall and winter, watering may only be necessary every 4–6 weeks or longer.

The exact timing depends on pot size, soil composition, temperature, and lighting.

Plants growing in lower-light conditions generally need less frequent watering.

Always check the soil before watering.

Read the leaves and stems:

• Yellowing leaves: Often indicate overwatering, especially when several leaves turn yellow and the soil stays wet.

• Soft or mushy stems: Can indicate excessive moisture and developing rot.

• Wrinkled or shriveled stems: May indicate the plant has been without water for an extended period.

• Brown, crispy leaf tips: Can result from inconsistent watering, fertilizer buildup, or environmental stress.

• Drooping stems: May indicate watering problems, root damage, or insufficient light.

Grower tip: When in doubt, wait a little longer before watering. ZZ Plants are much more forgiving of occasional underwatering than consistently wet soil.

Soil, pots and repotting

Soil

ZZ Plants need a growing medium that drains well and doesn't hold excessive moisture around their roots and rhizomes.

A heavy, moisture-retaining potting mix can cause problems, particularly when the plant is grown in lower light.

• Beginner: Quality indoor potting mix with added perlite or pumice.

• Seasoned grower: A mixture of potting soil or coco coir, perlite or pumice, and a little orchid bark.

• Drainage: Always use a pot with drainage holes.

A well-draining indoor or succulent-style potting mix can work well.

Avoid dense garden soil or heavy mixes that stay wet for extended periods.

Repotting

ZZ Plants are relatively slow-growing and prefer to remain slightly snug in their containers.

They typically need repotting every 2–3 years, although larger, established plants may need attention sooner.

Signs it's time to repot include:

• Roots growing through drainage holes.

• Rhizomes pushing against the sides of the container.

• The plant becoming crowded or lifting itself out of the pot.

• Soil breaking down and becoming compacted.

When repotting:

1. Gently remove the plant from its container.

2. Inspect the roots and underground rhizomes.

3. Remove any soft, mushy, or rotting sections using clean tools.

4. Choose a container only 1–2 inches larger than the existing pot.

5. Replant using fresh, well-draining potting mix.

6. Allow the soil to dry appropriately before watering again.

Spring and early summer are generally the best times to repot.

Important: ZZ rhizomes can become surprisingly large. Don't force an established plant into a container that's too small, but avoid choosing an excessively large pot.

Grower tip: If your ZZ Plant seems to be pushing its way out of its container, check the rhizomes. Those underground storage structures can expand significantly as the plant matures.

Humidity, temperature and feeding

Humidity

ZZ Plants are not particularly demanding when it comes to humidity.

Unlike many tropical houseplants, they adapt very well to average household humidity and generally don't require a humidifier.

• Average household humidity is perfectly acceptable.

• Moderate humidity is beneficial but not essential.

• Keep plants away from direct heating and air-conditioning vents.

• Avoid placing them in extremely cold or drafty locations.

Misting isn't necessary and provides little lasting benefit.

Temperature

ZZ Plants prefer warm, consistent indoor temperatures.

• Ideal temperature: 65–80°F.

• Avoid temperatures below 55°F.

• Protect from cold drafts and sudden temperature changes.

• Keep away from cold windows during winter.

Cold temperatures can cause leaf damage and slow growth. Prolonged exposure to cold and wet soil can be particularly damaging.

If you move your ZZ outdoors during warmer months, wait until nighttime temperatures consistently remain above 60°F. Acclimate it gradually to outdoor conditions and keep it protected from direct afternoon sunlight.

Feeding

ZZ Plants aren't heavy feeders. Their slow-growing nature means they don't need large amounts of fertilizer.

However, occasional feeding during active growth can support healthy foliage and new stems.

• Spring and summer: Apply a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer at half strength every 6–8 weeks.

• Fall and winter: Reduce or stop feeding as growth slows.

• Avoid overfertilizing: Excess fertilizer can cause brown leaf tips and salt buildup in the soil.

Always follow the fertilizer's label instructions.

Grower tip: Don't expect fertilizer to make your ZZ grow rapidly. These plants naturally grow slowly, and healthy roots and appropriate lighting are much more important than frequent feeding.

Understanding ZZ Plant rhizomes

One of the most interesting features of a ZZ Plant is what happens beneath the soil.

Unlike many houseplants that primarily rely on roots to absorb and transport water, ZZ Plants develop thick underground structures called rhizomes.

These rounded, potato-like structures store water and nutrients, helping the plant survive dry conditions.

They're an important part of how the plant grows and reproduces.

What do healthy rhizomes look like?

Healthy ZZ rhizomes are generally firm, rounded, and light brown to tan in color.

As the plant matures, rhizomes can become larger and produce additional stems.

You may notice:

• Rounded structures resembling small potatoes.

• Thick, fleshy roots extending from the rhizomes.

• New shoots emerging from the soil.

• Several stems developing from a single rhizome cluster.

When rhizomes become a problem

Although rhizomes are designed to store moisture, they can rot if the plant remains in wet soil for too long.

Signs of rhizome rot include:

• Soft or mushy underground structures.

• Unpleasant odors coming from the soil.

• Yellowing stems and leaves.

• Blackened or deteriorating roots.

If you suspect rot, remove the plant from its container, cut away affected sections using sterilized tools, and replant healthy rhizomes in fresh, well-draining soil.

Allow damaged areas to dry appropriately before replanting.

Grower tip: A healthy ZZ rhizome is firm, not soft or mushy. When repotting, take a moment to inspect these structures because they are the foundation of the entire plant.

Propagating ZZ Plant

ZZ Plants can be propagated through division, stem cuttings, or individual leaf cuttings.

The easiest and fastest method is division, although cuttings are a fun way to grow additional plants.

One thing to remember: ZZ Plants are naturally slow growers, and propagation can take considerably longer than it does with plants like Pothos or Philodendron.

Spring and early summer are generally the best times to propagate.

Division

Division is the fastest way to create additional ZZ Plants.

This method works best when the original plant has multiple rhizomes or separate growing sections.

1. Remove the plant from its container.

2. Gently remove enough soil to expose the rhizomes.

3. Identify natural sections with healthy rhizomes, roots, and stems.

4. Carefully separate the sections using clean, sterilized tools if necessary.

5. Plant each division in its own container with fresh, well-draining soil.

6. Water lightly and allow the soil to dry appropriately between waterings.

Avoid dividing a small or immature plant unnecessarily.

Stem cuttings

Stem cuttings are another way to propagate ZZ Plants.

1. Select a healthy stem with several leaves.

2. Use clean, sterilized scissors or pruning shears to cut near the base.

3. Place the cutting in water or a lightly moist propagation medium.

4. Keep it somewhere warm with bright, indirect light.

5. Be patient while roots and a new rhizome develop.

Stem cuttings can take several months to establish.

If propagating in water, replace the water regularly and transfer the cutting once it has developed healthy roots and a developing rhizome.

Leaf cuttings

ZZ Plants can even be propagated from individual leaflets.

This is one of the most interesting things about the plant, although it requires patience.

1. Select a healthy, mature leaflet.

2. Remove it carefully from the stem.

3. Allow the cut end to dry for a short period.

4. Insert the bottom portion of the leaflet into lightly moist propagation mix.

5. Place it somewhere warm with bright, indirect light.

6. Maintain light moisture without keeping the medium soggy.

Over time, the leaflet can develop a small rhizome and eventually produce roots.

New shoots may take many months to appear.

Important: A leaf cutting does not turn into a full plant overnight. ZZ propagation is naturally slow, and it may take 6–12 months or longer before you see significant new growth.

Grower tip: If you're looking to propagate ZZ Plants for resale or to expand your collection, division is generally the most practical method. Leaf propagation is better suited for growers who enjoy experimenting and don't mind waiting.

Pests and prevention

ZZ Plants are generally resistant to many common houseplant problems, but they can occasionally attract unwanted pests.

The most common pests to watch for include mealybugs, spider mites, scale, aphids, and fungus gnats.

How to spot common pests

• Mealybugs: Small white, cotton-like clusters around stems, leaf joints, and undersides of leaves.

• Spider mites: Tiny pale speckles on foliage, dull-looking leaves, and fine webbing.

• Scale: Small brown or tan bumps attached to stems and leaves.

• Aphids: Small clusters of soft-bodied insects, usually around new growth.

• Fungus gnats: Tiny flying insects around the soil surface, often associated with consistently wet potting mix.

How to treat them

1. Isolate the plant. Move affected plants away from the rest of your collection.

2. Inspect thoroughly. Check leaf undersides, stems, and areas where leaflets attach.

3. Remove visible pests. Wipe affected areas with a damp cloth.

4. Treat the plant. Use an appropriate insecticidal soap or labeled houseplant pest treatment. Follow all product instructions.

5. Repeat treatments. Some pest eggs survive initial treatments. Repeat applications according to the product label.

6. Monitor regularly. Continue inspecting the plant for several weeks.

Prevention

• Inspect new plants before bringing them into your collection.

• Quarantine new arrivals for a couple of weeks.

• Check stems and leaf undersides regularly.

• Wipe foliage occasionally to remove dust.

• Avoid consistently wet soil, which encourages fungus gnats.

• Keep plants properly spaced for easier inspection.

Grower tip: Fungus gnats are often a sign that the growing medium is staying too wet. With ZZ Plants, improving watering habits is one of the best ways to prevent this problem.

Popular ZZ Plant varieties

Although the classic green ZZ Plant is the most recognizable, there are several interesting varieties available.

From nearly black foliage to compact growth habits and striking variegation, these plants offer plenty of options for collectors.

Variety tip: Raven ZZ Plants naturally develop darker foliage as their new leaves mature. Don't be concerned if new growth initially appears bright green. This is completely normal.

Variegated varieties generally benefit from brighter indirect light to maintain their leaf patterns.

Common problems and how to fix them

Is ZZ Plant safe for pets?

No. ZZ Plants are considered toxic to cats and dogs if chewed or ingested.

Like several other members of the Araceae family, ZZ Plants contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.

When the plant is chewed, these crystals can cause irritation and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and lips.

Possible symptoms include:

• Excessive drooling.

• Pawing at the mouth.

• Oral irritation and discomfort.

• Vomiting.

• Difficulty swallowing.

The sap may also cause irritation to sensitive skin.

A few precautions:

• Keep ZZ Plants out of reach of pets and young children.

• Wear gloves when pruning, dividing, or handling damaged stems.

• Wash your hands after handling the plant.

• If your pet chews on a ZZ Plant, contact your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center at (888) 426-4435. A consultation fee may apply.

Looking for a pet-safer alternative? Consider a Peperomia, Spider Plant, or certain varieties of Calathea.

ZZ Plant FAQ

Is ZZ Plant good for beginners?

Absolutely! ZZ Plants are among the easiest houseplants to maintain. They tolerate lower light, average household humidity, and extended periods without water. Their biggest requirement is avoiding overwatering.

How often should I water my ZZ Plant?

Most indoor ZZ Plants need watering approximately every 2–4 weeks during warmer months. During winter, watering may only be needed every 4–6 weeks or longer. Always allow the soil to dry completely or nearly completely between waterings.

Can ZZ Plants grow in low light?

Yes! ZZ Plants are among the most adaptable low-light-tolerant houseplants. However, growth will be slower in darker locations. Bright indirect light generally produces the healthiest growth.

Does ZZ Plant need direct sunlight?

No. ZZ Plants prefer bright, indirect light. Harsh direct sunlight can scorch the foliage and cause brown or bleached patches.

Why are my ZZ Plant leaves turning yellow?

Overwatering is one of the most common causes. Check the soil and inspect the roots and rhizomes. If the soil stays wet for extended periods, adjust watering and improve drainage.

Why is my ZZ Plant not growing?

ZZ Plants are naturally slow growers. Insufficient light, cool temperatures, and seasonal changes can slow growth even further. Provide adequate indirect light and be patient.

What are the potato-looking things under my ZZ Plant?

Those are rhizomes. They store water and nutrients and help the plant survive dry conditions. Healthy rhizomes should be firm, not soft or mushy.

Can I propagate ZZ Plant from a leaf?

Yes! Individual leaflets can develop roots and small rhizomes when placed in an appropriate propagation medium. However, the process is very slow and may take many months.

Why is my Raven ZZ growing green leaves?

This is completely normal. New Raven ZZ foliage typically emerges green and gradually darkens to a deep purple-black as the leaves mature.

Does ZZ Plant need high humidity?

No. ZZ Plants adapt very well to average household humidity and generally don't require a humidifier.

How big does a ZZ Plant get?

Most indoor ZZ Plants grow approximately 2–4 feet tall, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Compact varieties like Zenzi remain smaller.

Is ZZ Plant toxic to pets?

Yes. ZZ Plants contain insoluble calcium oxalate crystals that can cause irritation and swelling of the mouth and digestive tract if chewed or swallowed.

Shop this plant

Coming Soon!

Pair it with:

• Terrasola Indoor Potting Mix: A well-draining growing medium to support healthy roots and rhizomes.

• Perlite: Improve soil aeration and drainage to help prevent excess moisture around the roots.

• Flourish Fertilizer: Support healthy foliage and new growth during the growing season. Follow the fertilizer's label directions.

• Decorative planters: Find a pot that complements the glossy green or dramatic dark foliage.

• Plant stands: Elevate your ZZ Plant and create an attractive display in your home or office.

Sources

For your reference; you don't need to publish this section, though a short Sources line at the end of a care guide builds trust.

• NC State Extension – Zamioculcas zamiifolia Plant Toolbox.

• Clemson Cooperative Extension – ZZ Plant Indoor Growing Guide.

• University of Florida IFAS – ZZ Plant Growing and Care Information.

• Royal Horticultural Society – Zamioculcas zamiifolia.

• ASPCA – ZZ Plant Toxicity Information.